path: root/content/weblog/2021-04-10_new-computers-suck/index.md

+++
title = "New computers suck"
date = 2021-04-10T22:07:52Z
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Recently my T480 started having some motherboard problems that prevented the
keyboard from working correctly. I needed to repair it, but I couldn't afford to
wait while it is being repaired since I need it for my work and studies, and
being a motherboard problem, it wasn't even a fact that it could be repaired,
without having to replace the entire motherboard. So, I decided to buy a cheap
used computer and use that for the time being.

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In our day and age there is this general believe that progress, whatever that
means, is the one thing that we should strive for, and by consequence every new
thing is better than the older thing it is meant to replace. While there is
certainly improvements in some areas, new things are, very often, not an overall
improvement over the old things that they were meant to replace. Especially if
we are talking about durability and repairability, but those are far from the
only aspects where new hardware has regressed.

This article is basically my review of two computers, both ThinkPad, the old but
venerable X200 and its more modern cousin the T480, followed by a comparison of
the two and my conclusions on whether new hardware is really worth it.

If you're not really interested in reading a detailed review of each computer,
you can skip ahead to the [comparison](#modern-vs-old). You can also skip
directly to the [review of the T480](#t480) or the [review of the X200](#x200).

## Backstory

I got my T480 at my previous job in 2019. It is quite the machine with an 8th
gen Core i7 with 8 threads and a 512 NVMe SSD. However, it seems that Lenovo, as
many other computer (and not only) manufacturers seem to be going down in
quality.

First, it died on me about a year ago. It just wouldn't turn on. Fortunately, it
still had its warranty, so I turned it in for a warranty repair. After about two
weeks in the Lenovo repair shop I got my machine back with a replacement
motherboard, and also a new frame and shell for the display, since the original
one had started to fall off a little on the bottom sides. I'll talk about those
minor quality problems a little later.

Then, almost four weeks ago, I started to have problems with my keyboard. At
first they were intermittent, but as time went on they got more persistent, to
the point that it was no longer possible to have any work done without becoming
frustrated. The problem was that some keys on the keyboard refused to work. I
bought a replacement keyboard and replaced it immediately. To my unpleasant
surprise, I had the exact same problems with the new keyboard as with the old
one, meaning that it was actually a problem with the motherboard. Another
indication that the problem is with the motherboard, is that if I slightly push
or bend the body of the laptop, the keys start working.

At this point I was pretty disappointed with the quality of this laptop. Not
only did it have some minor quality problems, but it had also had two major
problems that fully or partially impeded the correct functioning of the machine.
That, and as I mentioned in the introduction, I didn't have the time for a
repair, so I ended up buying a cheap old laptop.

The machine I ended up buying was a venerable ThinkPad X200. I had heard a lot
of good things about old ThinkPads, and after almost three weeks of use, I can
certify that they are indeed pretty damn good laptops. I'll first talk a little
about the T480, then I'll review the X200, and finally I'll summarize their pros
and cons.

## T480

This is a pretty modern machine, having been released in 2018. I have actually
enjoyed using it, since overall it is actually quite a good machine, much better
and comfortable to use than most laptops of its era.

It was acquired new in 2019 and cost around $1600 USD without the dock included.

### Computing performance

* Core i7-8650U 4 cores @ 1.90 with 2 threads per core
* 16GB DDR4 RAM
* 512GB NVMe PCI SSD
* 14" 2560x1440 IPS matte display
* Intel UHD Graphics 620
* Nvidia MX150 2GB
* 24Wh internal battery + 24Wh external battery
* Weight 1620g

Obviously the specs are one of the best qualities of this laptop. I don't "game"
on my laptop, and Novidya has pretty crapy drivers on Linux that aren't
compatible with Sway (my WM of preference), so I ended up just not installing
any drivers for the Nvidia card. The only downside to that, at least for me, is
that I cannot get audio out through the HDMI port.

So in terms of raw computing power it is a pretty capable machine. I am able to
playback up to 4K@30fps videos without any hiccups. Any higher FPS and it might
begin to drop frames, especially if the bitrate is high.

I never really use up all of the memory, unless I am doing some highly intensive
taks like compiling, since I use good and non-bloated software on my computer.
There's some exceptions of course, like my browser, since there are no
non-bloated browsers due to the bloated nature of the web in general.

The processor is also quite capable, being able to compile the Linux kernel in
around 5-10 minutes. Even on battery it is quite fast.

The biggest bottleneck usually is the storage device, but with the SSD on this
machine I was able to boot to the GUI in under 9 seconds with an encrypted root.
That is not counting the BIOS/UEFI loading time.

### Display

The display on my configuration is quite good. It is certainly not the best out
there, especially if compared to Macbook displays, but it does provide quite
vivid and colorful images at a great resolution. It is quite bright, around
300-350 nits, and covers around 98% sRGB. 

With the fractional scaling capabilities of Sway, everything Wayland native
rendered with pretty good detail and clarity, especially fonts.

With all of that said, it is not a display that I would put in a productivity
laptop. The reason, it has the atrocious 16:9 aspect ratio. Why oh why is this
aspect ratio still the dominant one on computers. The only place for this aspect
ratio is TVs, it has no place on computers, especially ones that are meant for
productivity. Even Apple gets it, why can Macbooks have 16:10 displays, but
ThinkPads, "business" laptops, don't? Seriously, Lenovo.

### Power consumption and thermals

More than raw computing power, for me, the more important improvement when it
comes to computing is power efficiency. I can say that this laptop is quite
power efficient. Using powertop[^1], at about 50% display brightness (quite
bright indoors), and with mild usage such as web browsing, music listening, and
editing text, it uses around 4-8 Watts which yields about 6-8 hours of usage,
quite enough for my needs. 

One really good thing about this laptop, is that, if I ever needed more battery
power, I could buy another external battery with more capacity, and replace it
on the go without shutting down the laptop, because of the internal battery.

Thermals are also pretty decent. With the same average mild usage, the cooler
fan stays off, and the temperature hovers around 40-50ºC depending on the room
temperature. The palm rest doesn't get hot, and only the bottom gets warm
enough to notice, but without any discomfort. Even when the fan starts to work,
it is really quite, and only gets noticeably audible on high workloads, but
still quieter than other laptops such as Dells and Macbooks.

### Input devices

The keyboard in this laptop is pretty good, even though it is a chiclet style
keyboard. It has decent travel distance, tactile feedback and it is not very
noisy. All in all it is the best laptop keyboard out of any other laptops of its
time.

The trackpoint is as good as they get. The fact that it is here is already a
good thing, since not many laptops have a trackpoint, even though it is such a
good pointing device, especially when you're working with the keyboard most of
the time, as I do.

The trackpad is decent, but it could be improved (or maybe even removed). It is
big enough, not so big that it starts to get in the way, such as in Macs, but
big enough to be comfortable to use. The texture is also nice. I don't use the
trackpad that much though, I mostly used it to scroll when reading in bed.

### I/O and comms

Compared to most modern laptops it has a good array of ports, with the following
ports:

* 2 USB 3.1 ports 
* 1 USB 3.1 Type-C port
* 1 USB 3.1/Thunderbolt 3 Type-C port
* HDMI port
* Gigabit Ethernet port
* Smartcard reader
* SD card reader
* Headphone/mic jack

It might not be as a diverse and big array of port as on older computers, but it
is enough for my use case. 

There's also the ThinkPad dock stations, which offer a very comfortable way of
plugging in all devices and getting access to more ports at home or in the
office. I got the ThinkPad Pro Docking Station, which makes use of the two
Type-C ports on the left side to provide power and a plethora of ports:

* 3 USB 3.1
* 2 USB 2.0
* 1 USB 3.1 Type-C
* 2 DisplayPort
* Gigabit Ethernet
* Audio out/mic jack

It is quite convenient as it is hot-pluggable and doesn't require any special
configuration or drivers.

Regarding the comms, it comes with a WLAN card that supports WiFi 802.11ac at
both 2.4 and 5 GHz, and Bluetooth 4.1. My model also came with an LTE WWAN card,
although I have never had use of it.

### Serviceability

It is quite easy to service and replace parts on this computer, which already
puts it at an advantage over most modern laptops.

By just unscrewing two screws you can then lift up, disconnect and remove the
keyboard. By removing four more screws you can remove the bottom plate, and get
accesses to basically all of the components of the computer. You can replace the
storage drive, WLAN card, WWAN card, there's two DDR4 RAM slots. The internal
battery can also be replaced.

The CPU and GPU are soldered to the board though, as in basically every laptop
nowadays.

### Chassis and build quality

The computer body is made of plastic materials that are nice to the touch. The
body doesn't bend and creak on pressure from my palms and when lifting the
laptop from one side, as in other laptops I've owned. For the size of the laptop
it has a nice balanced weight, not very light, but not heavy either.

The hinges of the screen are also quite good, as they don't wobble at all,
compared to other laptops. You can't open the lid easily with one hand, not that
it is very important for me.

The internal chassis is made of metal, some magnesium allow I think, which is
supposed to make it more sturdy and protect it from outside forces. It is indeed
a more sturdy design than most laptops out there.

While the build quality overall is better than most laptops nowadays, it is
still lacking. 

It is all mostly on the details, such as the keyboard, trackpad and trackpoint
leaving marks on the display that can't be removed, just in the name of making
the computer thinner; I wouldn't have minded a couple more millimeters of
**thicc**ness just to avoid having my display being scathed for life.

Another thing is that the frame of the display is just a flimsy piece of plastic
that is glued to the lid, which starts to come off pretty easily. Also a piece
of the palm rest chipped off, even though I have never dropped the laptop.

### Audio

The speakers are not good, quite frankly, but the DAC on this computer seems to
be fine and I don't get any noises from the audio jack. That said the audio jack
is a combo jack for out and microphone. I can't stand these types of ports, they
are fine on mobile phones, but certainly not in a computer. Not to mention that
it already has worn out, resulting in the laptop detecting a microphone when
there is none.

A smaller complaint that I have, is that the port is placed on the right side of
the laptop. Being that 99% of headphones have the cable on the left earcup, I
can't understand why most laptop designers can't put in a little more thought
and put the damn jack on the left side.

### Firmware and drivers

Overall all devices, except for the fingerprint reader which I don't use anyway,
work out of the box in Linux. The devices' firmware, including the UEFI, also
get updates through fwupd.

The Novidya card, of course, has crappy drivers. That said, there were build
without the Nvidia card, and had it been my choice I would have forgone the
card, since I don't use it anyway.

The UEFI is kind of a mixed bag. On the one hand it generally works well, has
many configuration options, a diagnostics tool and you can even change the
splash image (as in most ThinkPads) although it is not very straight-forward.
However, the thing takes ages to load. My Linux installation with encrypted root
boots the same if not faster, and that's not acceptable. It takes about 8-9
seconds to load, where it should take no more than 2 seconds. Not to mention,
as expected, that all of it is proprietary and there's no Coreboot for this
machine, at least yet.

## X200

For computer standards, this would be considered a pretty old machine, being
first released in 2008. That said, if you don't need to do any intensive
computing this is still a pretty decent machine and even better in many regards
than any modern laptop.

One of the first models manufactured by Lenovo after the brand was bought from
IBM. It still preserves the classic feel of the IBM ThinkPads with specs that
are more than enough for most home, programming or office tasks.

I acquired it a couple of weeks ago for around $120 USD dock station included.

### Computing performance

* Intel Core 2 Duo P8600 2 cores @ 2.401GHz
* 4GB DDR3 RAM expanded to 6GB, expandable to 8GB
* 480GB SATA SSHD (SSD + HDD hybrid)
* 12" 1280x800 LCD CCFL-backlit matte display
* Intel GMA 4500MHD
* 56Wh external battery
* Weight 1520g

Quite low specs for 2021, most "tech enthusiasts" would cry, but it is quite
capable nonetheless, unless you are planning on compiling something big like a
browser or the Linux kernel, or doing photo editing or video editing.

As far as daily computing tasks go, the processor in this thing handles it
mighty fine. Web browsing, text editing all work fine. Video playback is also
fine, being able to play videos without drops up to 1080p@30fps, not the best
for 2021 when we already have plenty of content in 4K and even 8K, but I don't
use this computer to consoom, and 1080p is plenty most of the times. 60fps
without drops would have been nice, though.

The GPU is weak, so in many cases, such as the web browser, it is better to go
with software rendering.

The SSHD that came with laptop when I bought it from the previous owner works
quite well. It's not the original disk, but whatever. It boots faster than my
desktop with a standard HDD. It is nonetheless and unsurprisingly slower than my
T480's PCI SSD. I am planning on replacing with a SATA SSD in the future, but in
the meantime, it does its job.

Even the relatively low amount of RAM that it currently has installed (6GB, came
with 4GB), it is still plenty enough for most tasks.

### Display

The image quality on this display is atrocious. It is bleak, the contrast is so
low the blacks are gray, the color coverage is horrendous, and the viewing
angles terrible. The resolution is also not very high, but that's not as big of
a deal especially in such a small display.

That said, it is 16:10 and **not** the pathetic 16:9 aspect ratio. That's
already a big win in my book. I do plan on changing it to a better display, I've
seen that it is possible to change it for an AFFS display, and maybe even a LED
900p display.

### Power consumption and thermals

Being such an old laptop, the power consumption and thermals are not as good as
most modern laptops. It still managed to surprise me a little, since I was
expecting worse power consumption and especially higher temperatures.

Using powertop[^1], at about 80% display brightness (any lower in a well-lit
room becomes uncomfortable with its current display), and with mild usage (see
T480), it uses 11-16 Watts which yields about 3-4 hours of usage with its
current battery. Not ideal, but enough most days. I hope that a screen and SSD
upgrade help to lower the power consumption.

For its age thermals are pretty good. As with the T480 with average mild usage
it heats to around 40-50ºC, sometimes a little bit higher. Unlike the T480,
though, its cooler fan is on basically all the time. It is still very quiet, so
it doesn't cause any distractions or annoyances. The body of this laptop can get
a little bit hot if doing more intensive tasks than web browsing or text
editing, such as watching Full HD videos.

### Input devices

This is the best laptop keyboard I've ever typed on, 'nuff said. It doesn't beat
a mechanical keyboard, but it definitely beats any modern laptop keyboard. There
are probably other classic ThinkPad models with slightly better keyboards, but I
haven't tested those out, so I can only compare this with other laptops I've
used, like my T480 and plenty of Dells, HPs, Acers, Asus and some Toshibas. It
has great key travel, sounds good without being loud, great tactile feedback,
and also a nice 7-row layout, with dedicated volume keys.

There is no trackpad on this laptop, but the trackpoint is still better than a
trackpad, so no big loss there. If you actually need accuracy, for example when
manipulating graphical elements in GIMP or Inkscape, a traditional mouse is
still a better option anyway.

### I/O and comms

It has plenty of ports, although it might lack more modern ports, such as HDMI:

* 3 USB 2.0 ports
* Ethernet port
* VGA D-bus port
* **Dedicated** Headphone jack
* **Dedicated** Microphone jack
* SD card reader
* Expresscard expansion slot

Quite good for such a small laptop. The person I bought it from also sold it to
me with a UltraBase dock station that includes the following ports:

* 4 USB 2.0 ports
* Ethernet port
* VGA D-bus port
* DisplayPort
* Headphone jack
* Microphone jack
* Serial port with included DVD drive

It is also hot-pluggable and besides those ports it also includes a charging
station for batteries and audio speakers that don't seem to work under Linux.
The DVD drive also doesn't seem to work under Linux.

As for the comms, it includes a WLAN card supporting 802.11n, and as a surprise
to me for a laptop so old, it also supports both 2.4 and 5 GHz networks. It also
has Bluetooth 2.1 and the ability to add a WWAN cellular card, but once more,
I'm not really in need of that.

### Serviceability

This laptop has quite a lot of screws, however, I like that it is very modular
in its approach to servicing. Not only is the keyboard removable without having
to open apart the laptop itself, but also the hard drive; and the memory has its
own compartment with its own lid. To get to the motherboard you just need to
unscrew 9 screws and remove the keyboard and palm rest.

Alas, even this laptop has the CPU and GPU soldered to the motherboard.

### Chassis and build quality

The materials of the exterior body are not as different, at least to the touch,
as those on the T480. The materials feel great and sturdy. The exterior is
covered is a soft touch rubberized finish, and the palm rest and inner frame of
the display is a more standard plastic. This laptop also has an internal
magnesium allow chassis. 

I must emphasize that the display frame feels very sturdy and doesn't flex at
all, and the hinges are also sturdy with no wobble. It is a little easier to
open this laptop's lid with one hand, although the latch might hinder that a
little bit. I am not sure if I like or not having a latch, maybe it is better
without, but I gotta admit I have some bias towards it mainly for nostalgic
reasons; also makes it feel a little bit sturdier somehow.

There's no creak or bend of the body either, no matter how you hold the laptop.
The keyboard is of superb quality, doesn't bend at all and doesn't rattle.

I really only have good things to say about the build quality, although it might
have to do with having it used for just three weeks. That said, the fact that
this laptop is about 12 years old (almost half my age!) and theres no dents or
cracks and only slight scratches on the rubberized surface and other slight
marks of use, speaks volumes of its build quality. If I do end up finding
something to complain about, I might update this article in the future.

### Audio

The audio in this laptop is bad in basically all fronts. It doesn't even
withcome two speakers. Yes, it only has one speaker (mono). That wouldn't be
that bad if it weren't for a small buzz and other noises present when listening
some music or sounds through the headphone jack. That problem is also present
with the dock station's jack, which leads me to think it's a problem with the
DAC, which must be a piece of crap, or it might be badly isolated generating
noises from the other components of the computer.

Good thing I have a music player with a really good DAC that can double as an
external DAC for audio out. Also might end up making use of the fact that this
computer comes with an Expresscard expansion slot and buy an Expresscard
sound card.

I understand this is a business laptop mainly, but one would expected at least
clean sound from the audio out port.

### Firmware and drivers

Everything works out of the box with no extra configuration on Linux, which can
be expected of a laptop of this age.

This laptop doesn't have UEFI, which I have already gotten used to with it's set
of nice features such as the ability to boot Linux (EFISTUB) without bloated
GRUB or any other bootloader. It's all good ol' BIOS with it's ups and downs.

But, this laptop has a big advantage, and that is Coreboot and even Libreboot
support. I haven't flashed the ROM chip of this laptop with Coreboot yet, but I
definitely plan on doing so as soon as I get my hands on a SOIC-8 clip. Also, I
should probably fix my T480 so that I can at least use it as a backup in case
everything goes wrong and my poor X200 ends up exploding. I might even write
about my experience in the future.

## Modern vs old

![T480 and X200 side by side](t480-v-x200.jpg)

Now that I have reviewed each computer separately I will be comparing them in
each category I've reviewed them to see which is the better one overall.

### Computing performance

Well, there's obviously no contest in this one, there isn't even a reason to
compare a top of the line two year old model, with a 12 year old model. That
said, it really is enough for my productivity needs.

As you might have guessed, I am using Linux. On a cold boot to my WM I am only
using around 200MB of RAM and most of the programs I use for productivity and
even consoomption are really lightweight so I very rarely have any noticeable
lags that would distract me, if ever. Of course, if you are using something like
Windows 10, which uses around 2GB-3GB on a cold boot and is full of bloat, you
might not have such a good experience. Even Windows 7 is bloated compared to
Linux using around 1.5-2GB on a cold boot. 

Of course, anybody would be better using even a newbie Linux distro such as Mint
and even on a modern machine, rather than Winbloat, and for other obvious
reasons besides performance. I am just not expecting that "normies" will switch
operating systems, they will use whatever comes with their PC.

**Winner**: T480

### Display

This one is a hard for me to decide, since the screen on the T480 has really
good image quality with a high resolution which is miles ahead of the poor
quality panel on the X200, while the T480's 16:9 aspect ratio sucks compared to
the better (yet improvable) 16:10 aspect ratio of the X200.

**Winner**: DRAW

### Power consumption and thermals

This one is also quite obvious. My T480 consumes on average around 3 times less
energy than my X200, which of course also translates into less heat, although
not that big a difference. This, I would say, is the biggest advantage of modern
laptops against older ones.

**Winner**: T480

### Input devices

The trackpoint hasn't changed in quality much if at all. The keyboard is a
different story. The keyboard on the T480 is good, but it just doesn't compare
to the classic ThinkPad keyboard, which is present on the X200. From the layout
to the form of the keys to the travel distance and the tactile feedback.
Everything is just better on the X200's keyboard. This is the one part that
suffered in quality just because of trends, which is ridiculous.

**Winner**: X200

### I/O and comms

They both have a good array of IO ports and good comms, but of course, being
that the comms and ports on the T480 support newer standards, it means that it
has got the advantage. That, and also the fact that it has two USB Type-C ports
on of which is Thunderbolt, meaning that you don't rely on a proprietary port to
be able to connect your computer to a dock or hub. The ThinkPad docks are still
a better fit for them and they are better than most docks or hubs out there, but
it is always to have options and not having to rely on proprietary technology
that is only supported by one company, and which obviously loses support much
faster than open standards.

**Winner**: T480

### Serviceability

They are both pretty easy to open to clean and maintain or replace any parts
that might need an upgrade or repair. However, I think the modular approach to
the disassembly of the X200 is slightly better than the approach on the T480.

**Winner**: X200

### Chassis and build quality

Well, I've already written plenty on the materials and build quality of both
machines in their respective reviews above. The X200 is just miles ahead in this
respect.

**Winner**: X200

### Audio

Both have poor quality speakers, which I don't really care too much about, but
the noise problem with the jack on the X200 is a big no-no.

**Winner**: T480

### Firmware and drivers

The UEFI loading times suck on the T480. The X200 has an old but good enough
BIOS. But. I can flash Coreboot and Libreboot on the X200 and get rid of the
Intel ~~Malware~~ Management Engine.

**Winner**: X200

## Conclusion

If we count each comparison category equally they seem to be pretty close. In
the end it will depend on what you need the laptop for. In my case, if I didn't
have a laptop at all right now, and I had to buy myself one, I would buy the
X200 or another old ThinkPad of similar caliber: great build quality, superb
classic keyboard, corebootable.

I recommend the X200 or a similar old ThinkPad to most people that use a
computer for daily productivity or internet tasks, not limited to but such as:
email, web browsing, text editing, school/college stuff, programming. I mean,
buying a ~$1600 new computer doesn't make sense when you can buy a computer for
~$120 that is of same use for you, but with a better keyboard and build quality.

Buy a brand-new computer only if you really need the computing power, if you
really need to squeeze as much battery life as possible without having to buy
multiple battery packs or if you need a display that has good color
reproduction for things such as photo editing. I, for example, obviously don't
do my photo editing on the X200, I have a desktop with a decent monitor for
that.

## Epilogue: modern software also sucks

Many people have this idea that with time old computers slow down. Indeed
computers do seem to slow down over time. It is not the hardware itself that
slows down or becomes less capable, unless it actually breaks, it is a problem
with newer software becoming more and more bloated, of which proprietary
software is the biggest offender.

It seems like the production of newer more powerful hardware just breeds more
and more soydevs that, thanks to the advancements in computing power, can hide
the slowness and bloatness of their horrible code among layers of abstractions
that execute just as fast (or rather slow) as good written software on older
machines. You don't need a Threadripper or Core i9 or even a super modern Core
i3 to do basic daily computing tasks. If you use good software, that is, and
most of the times it is libre software. 

Proprietary software is not only worse from an ethical point of view, but it is
also worse from the point of view of quality most of the times (with some minor
exceptions). As time goes on, proprietary software gets worse, because they just
care about launching the next version with the next new "features" as soon as
possible to get even more money in the shortest amount of time possible.

There are many other reasons why modern proprietary software is just plain worse
than minimal free and open source software, but this is already beyond the scope
of this article. Maybe I'll write about my thoughts on modern software, and
proprietary and libre software in the future.